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ACTUAL ARCHAEOLOGY ISSUE 47 THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL PLOT OF THE WEST
The focus of this issue is the last 150 years, that is, after 1850, in a period of approximately 250 years. The Eastern world in the eyes of the West, which at that time was covered by the Ottoman geography, was a source that needed to be explored from every perspective.
Europeans rediscovered the East after the Industrial Revolution. .because this source included not only archaeological sites but also natural areas, underground and aboveground resources and many more. In the 16th century, travelers traveling to the East collected and published all kinds of information from village to village and city to city. This was used as a very important source of information for the coming centuries. Information on ancient ruins also reached Europe with the information of these travelers. In the following ages, this information was used in two ways: First, by people who tried to collect artifacts for museums on behalf of the kingdoms that had become very strong and institutionalized after the Industrial Revolution, and the other by scientists who made publications created with measurements and information that cannot be easily done even today...
This situation caused the confusion between those who adopted archaeology as a science and the collectors of artifacts in the following ages. Collectors of artifacts such as Schliemann, Humann, Newton, and Fellows were sometimes accepted as archaeologists and sometimes as scientists. However, they were nothing more than professional collectors of artifacts.
The claim that the removal of the works took place during a period when the Ottomans were struggling for their lives can be accepted to a certain extent. There was no administration that would prevent the removal of many works that were of no value to the Ottomans anyway. Although Osman Hamdi Bey initially tried to prevent this, he later did not even prevent the removal of the works by providing special privileges. Therefore, this period should be examined more broadly. The European thesis that "If we had not taken them, the marbles would have been melted in lime quarries" is completely nonsense. Because in the drawings of 16th century travelers, Ottoman subjects are depicted next to and around these works. The works are completely intact and have not been damaged. If these works had been damaged, how would the Europeans have transported them to their own museums?
In this special issue, we aimed to accurately narrate the 250-year period that was dark for Anatolia and bright for Europe and that constitutes the history of "archaeology science" and to contribute to the formation of a social memory, awareness and ownership. Considering that there is much more content to be written and told on this subject, the subject has only just begun in our eyes.
Anatolia has been a plundered geography for years. Tens of thousands of years of cultural unity and relics have suddenly become "commodified" in the eyes of Westerners who have entered the race to collect artifacts, and these "artworks" have been defined as "loot" that will glorify their empires. The most important thesis we have today is the declaration of the First Constitutional Era. The establishment of a constitutional system, albeit not fully, in the Ottoman Empire for the first time with the First Constitutional Era also hinders the sultan's will to grant permission. This issue needs to be researched and studied, and if this thesis can be verified, the cancellation of all permissions that allow the removal of artifacts can be obtained at the International Court.
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