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CURRENT ARCHAEOLOGY 49TH ISSUE ÇATALHÖYÜK
Çatalhöyük is one of the most well-known archaeological sites in the world that has created an image in the minds of everyone interested in human history, archaeology or art history.
Çatalhöyük is one of the most famous archaeological sites in the world that has created an image in the minds of everyone interested in human history, archaeology or art history. Do not think that Anatolia has countless civilizations and ancient settlements... In encyclopedias or books published under the title of general history of civilizations in the world, Anatolian civilizations are almost never mentioned. Among these publications, Çatalhöyük is one of the few indispensable settlements from Anatolia.
When you talk to someone in the world who is even slightly interested in the subject, you understand that they only know Çatalhöyük from Anatolia. Of course, Çatalhöyük is so famous thanks to James Mellaart, who first introduced it to the world. The 1960s are the years when the lines of archaeology started to become clear. Anatolia was kept outside this line, and Mellaart suddenly fell into the middle of the archaeological world like a bomb with his magnificent wall paintings and the idea of a mother goddess. The whole world, including the archaeological community, could not recover from the astonishment for a long time, eyes started to turn to Anatolia with Çatalhöyük and the lines of archaeology were redrawn. In addition to Çatalhöyük, Troy is also Turkey's most important brand in the world. However, Troy often lags behind Çatalhöyük, because Europeans think Troy is in Greece. Çatalhöyük has always been Anatolian.
Despite being such an important place for both the world and Turkey, it has taken its place on the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List quite late. It has provided very important information that has taken its place in the memory of human history, such as the mother goddess sitting on her throne, the bull cult, being an egalitarian society, living in adjacent houses and burying their dead in the floors of the houses they lived in. The information that James Mellaart obtained in just four years in the 1960s has still been on the agenda of the world and archaeology science for approximately 55 years. During this time, very important new studies and information have been obtained in Çatalhöyük. The second excavation period, which started in 1995, not only added new information to Çatalhöyük, but also changed and updated much of the information from Mellaart's period.
Ian Hodder, the new term excavation director, is also the pioneer of a school called "new archaeology". Çatalhöyük is also an experimental and experience field for the new archaeology school. New methods, ideas and studies are introduced to the archaeological world through the Çatalhöyük excavations. Ian Hodder's twenty-year excavation project ended this year and the new findings that emerged at the end of this new twenty-year period after Mellaart caused some information from the Mellaart period to change and become outdated. Among these new findings was that the mother goddess was not as important as we thought and that some findings thought to be mother goddesses were actually related to the bear cult. For this reason, the Mother Goddess visitors who had been visiting Çatalhöyük for many years stopped coming.
Despite everything, Mellaart’s influence on Çatalhöyük never disappeared. He had been watching Çatalhöyük with curiosity until recently. Many years later, just before his death, he came to Çatalhöyük once more and was side by side with Ian Hodder in an exhibition. When he passed away in 2013, he was commemorated in Çatalhöyük with a quiet but sorrowful ceremony. We now have before us the magnificent information layer, documentation and archive of twenty years of work. In the years to come, we will see better how important Çatalhöyük is both in the formation of Anatolian civilizations and in understanding the early stages of human history.
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